The increasing trend of childhood obesity Essay

The increasing trend of childhood obesity - Essay Example This essay "The increasing trend of childhood obesity" outlines the danger of the obesity and its impact on the health. The increased prevalence of overweight along obesity leads to serious health issues. In other words, it can be stated that overweight along with obesity are the independent risk factors for the upsurge in morbidity as well as mortality throughout the life cycle of an individual. Childhood obesity is linked with various health related complications which upsurges the premature illness risks and even death. The issue of obesity among the children is showing a growing trend and raising the concern of the public health as noted by Ebbeling et al. (2002). The issue of childhood obesity is gaining its importance in the public health care. In order to ensure healthy life style and to create awareness among the general public widespread awareness programs through televisions, internet, and schools newsletters along with magazines of parenting are being executed. Various pol icies were and are being incorporated in the national priority lists. However the people are not sure regarding the effectiveness of the policies in order to combat the problem of childhood obesity. According to The Trustees of Princeton University childhood obesity is deciphered as societal issue due to the influence of several factors including the environmental, biological along with behavioral. With the increasing trend of childhood obesity this is becoming one of the severe health challenges in the 21st century (Future of Children, 2006).

Humanitarian Intervention Essay Example for Free

Humanitarian Intervention Essay The United Nations is an international organization that fights for world peace, and strives to control international law, international security, economic development, social progress, and human rights. In the United Nation’s preamble, it states the organization is â€Å"determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"†¦to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom.† However, the U.N. can often be ineffective and it has been an ongoing debate between the world’s leaders whether or not intervention is justified when inhumane acts are committed in foreign lands. Too many human beings have been victims of violence, rape and/or other crimes on the U.N.’s watch all because the organization is not authorized to forcefully intervene in another country. The United Nations Security Council is responsible for preserving peace between nations and even within nations, and when a nation is committing atrocious acts against its citizens, the U.N. and other nations should have the right to intervene militarily to end those abuses. Just as if a teenager would take on the responsibilities of providing a home and food for themselves when they move out, a country assumes the responsibility of taking care of its citizens when it becomes independent. When a country proves to the outside world it is not capable of controlling its citizens and maintaining a peaceful nation, blue helmeted U.N. troops may invade these unstable regions. It would be inhumane for the U.N., any country, or any human to witness a population suffering and not try to interfere in some way. To look the other way would be immoral and an inhumane act of itself. When trying to obtain peace in foreign countries, peaceful negotiations are not always successful and other means are necessary. In the past, the U.N. has not been able to aid suffering populations militarily and has failed to protect the citizens from vicious crimes. In a survey taken by the U.N. in 2007, â€Å"which covered a total of 14 countries, plus the Palestinian Territories, [it] found that solid majorities in each of 12 national pools believe that the U.N. Security Council should have the right to authorize the use of military force to protect innocent people from genocide and other massive abuses, even against the will of their own government† (Lobe). Even with the support of the majority of world, the U.N. still does not have the authority to forcefully protect innocent people from cruelty. When tens of thousands of people were being killed in Darfur, and Rwanda, it was the U.N.’s responsibility to step in and save the lives of those living in a country at an unfortunate time. However, by following their rules of procedure, the U.N. troops were not allowed to use force unless fired upon. Since 2003, â€Å"tens of thousands of people have being killed and over one million people displaced† in Darfur and in 1994, Hutus killed an estimated 800,000 Tutsis in Rwanda (Spectators to Genocide). â€Å"As a result of the massacre [in Rwanda], there are more than one million orphans† (Rust). But when the blue helmeted troops entered the Rwandan chaos, there was not much they could do to stop the genocides that were taking place right before their eyes. It took the United Nations three years after the United States declared the events taking place in Darfur as genocide to interfere, and even still the U.N. has done nothing beneficial to help those suffering in Darfur. Unable to seize weapons, the blue helmets stand by powerless. Had the United Nations involved itself earlier in Rwanda and Darfur and at full force, millions of people’s lives could have been saved or bettered. If the U.N. involved itself militarily, it is possible that the U.N. may have a few casualties, but the United States Army has lost a good number of soldiers over the years while fighting for causes they believe in. Sometimes sacrifices need to be made, and if a few members of the U.N. were lost in effort to protect the lives of thousands of people and potentially save a population, it would be an admirable sacrifice. It should be the world’s responsibility to defend civilians when its government is guilty of neglecting to â€Å"protect their populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity (Reeves). Had the United Nations acted quicker when the Hutus began killing the Tutsis, and put an end to the vicious attacks that took place during those days, future genocides could have possibly been prevented. Instead, the word genocide can be heard more frequently and little is being done to stop that. Thousands of lives could have been saved or altered had the United Nations been able to step in and militarily defend the helpless populations of Rwanda and Darfur. Justification of humanitarian intervention is essential in order to protect the lives and rights of those suffering from genocide. The U.N. should want a reputation of not allowing genocides to take place, but instead the organization is being criticized for the lack of effort and aid being lent to those countries in need. Over the years, too many lives have been lost or damaged due to genocide and other inhumane acts. Humanitarian intervention needs to be allowed when a country is not protecting its citizens, in effort to save the lives of populations. The United Nations’ ineffectiveness in the past should be enough of a reason for why humanitarian intervention should be justified. It is imperative that the United Nations be entitled to militarily involve itself when innocent lives are in danger. Works Cited Charter of the United Nations: Preamble. Welcome to the United Nations: Its Your World. Web. 03 Nov. 2010. . Jim Lobe. U.N.: POLL SHOWS BROAD SUPPORT FOR U.N. ACTION AGAINST GENOCIDE. Global Information Network 6 April 2007 Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 3 Nov. 2010. Reeves, E. Failure to Protect: International Response to Darfur Genocide. Harvard International Review 29.4 (2008): 84-85. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 3 Nov. 2010. Rust, Selina. RWANDA: REMEMBERING THE UNFORGETTABLE. Global Information Network 9 April 2010 Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 9 Nov. 2010. Spectators to Genocide. Wall Street Journal 2 Aug. 2007, Eastern edition: National Newspaper Abstracts (3), ProQuest. Web. 3 Nov. 2010.

Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Essay -- essays research papers

Hiroshima. Nagasaki. From the bombing of Pearl Harbor to D-day, the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki will be a triumph for the US by nuclear achievements and ending a war, but a tragedy for the all of the innocent Japanese victims. I decided to research this topic because I was interested in what happened in World War Two and wanted to learn more about this special occurrence. I believe this topic is important in history because when we need to make a decision of war, where thousands maybe millions of lives are at risk to prevent even more from being ended or even destroyed from the effects of it, we may look at this event and make a decision that will change history forever. The war in Europe soon affected Asia. Although it was not part of the European war Japan was an ally of the Nazi-Germany and Italy. The three countries had signed an agreement in 1936, called the Anti-Communist International Treaty. By 1949, the Japanese government was largely dominated by militarists, extremists in the army and navy and their supporters who wanted the armed forces to control Japan and organize Japanese society along military principles. They believed Japan had a sacred mission to conquer new territory to provide the natural resources that Japan lacked. In May 1941, the United States extended its â€Å"Lend Lease† program to China. In effect, this meant that China could buy arms and supplies from the United States on long-term credit. By doing this, the United States was confirming that it would continue to support China in its war against Japan. At the same time, talks between Japan and the United States began in Washington, D.C: they continued for months. Mo st historians agree that the negotiations never had any chance of success because ea... ...econd atom bomb, Fat Man, was sped up, and on August 9 it was ready to be dropped. Bad weather over the primary target of Kokura forced Major Charles W. Sweeney, the pilot of Bock’s Car, which was carrying the atom bomb, to divert the secondary target of Nagasaki. Clouds also obscured Nagasaki, but at the last minute, the clouds broke open and the second atom bomb known as Fat Man was dropped on Japan. Fat man exploded 1,600 feet above the city with an estimated force of 22,00 tons. The target seen through the clouds was several miles upriver from the original aiming point. Although the damage at Hiroshima, an estimated 50% of the population, died from the bomb in the next five years. Early in the morning of August 9, the Japanese was council met once again to discuss the possibility of surrender. The war council was evenly split over surrender. The war was over.4

Common Study Habits Among Students in the Tertiary Level

TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM THE SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY PURPOSE OF THE STUDY CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS RESEARCH QUESTION REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 3 – 5 METHOD – â€⠀œ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 6RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RESEARCH DESIGN PARTICIPANTS RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS RESULT – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – â€⠀œ – – – 7 – 10 DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES TABLES ANALYSIS – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 12 – 13 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS DISCUSSION – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – †“ – – – – – – – – 14 FINDINGSCONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 14 REFERENCES – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 15 COMMON STUDY HABITS AMONG STUDENTS IN THE TERTIARY INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY A research on the study habits among students in the tertiary level, th e study investigated the common study habits among students in the tertiary level using school like St. Nicolas College as a case study.Thirty (30) students were given a questionnaire from different department and year level in the area. The instrument utilized for the study was a questionnaire named â€Å"Common Study Habits among Students in the Tertiary Level†. What are study habits? Study habits are the ways that you study – the habits that you have formed during your school years. Study habits can be good ones, or bad ones. Good study habits include being organized, keeping good notes, reading your textbook, listening in class, and working every day.Bad study habits include skipping class, not doing your work, watching TV or playing video games instead of studying, and losing your work, the manner with which you consistently use to study for school or college. Some of the students missed the effective study habits. In this problem, the researcher wishes to improve and enhanced their learning and to reach their highest potential in significant improvements on test scores and the highest level of success in the classroom or on the job.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The problem is focused mainly on the common study habits among student in the tertiary level. THE SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY The problem is focused mainly on the common study habits among student in the tertiary level are significant in various ways. It is believed that findings of this research will definitely be useful to the teachers understanding the capacity, strength and weaknesses of the student and also to influence them in better study habits.OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY This study was based on the following objectives to describe the study habits of the students in St. Nicolas College, to suggest measures to improve the study habits of the students. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to find out the common study habit among students in the tertiary level. This study also intends to reveal or find out what, if any, relationship exists between habit and effective study habits of students in the tertiary level.

Is Western Culture Dominating Indian Culture Essay

Now we are in 21st century ,if we compare the culture which means the way we live,the way we love,the way we give respect to yelders and teachers,the food we eat,the way we dress,etc., of the 20th century I can say that the western culture is not dominating but going to dominate unique Indian culture. Today youth occupy most of the population of our country.Youth contribute to the uniqueness of any nation.Our nation has its uniqueness in its culture through the world.Most of the countries respect our culture. But for a doveloping country like India some of the western principles are necessary to make it dovelprd country.This reason is making our youth attracted to the bad part of western culture such as late night pubs,shorts,western music,etc which is giving them a great intellectual freedom. All these results in this present discussion of Domination of culture. Some of the citizens of the nation are supporting the western culture by saying that without the western culture no country will become developed.I agree with them up to some extent because a country should have to adapt foreign principles up to which the people of nation doesn’t get spoiled bi it. There is a saying of Mahathma Gandhi that â€Å"Open the doors and windows of the house to get fresh air from them to makes us good but not to flew away by heavy wind†. So I can say finally that we should adapt the positive side of the foreign culture which makes us developed and oppose its negative side†¦

Characteristics of a Knowledge and Value- Centered Manager Essays

Characteristics of a Knowledge and Value- Centered Manager Essays Characteristics of a Knowledge and Value- Centered Manager Essay Characteristics of a Knowledge and Value- Centered Manager Essay Characteristics of a Knowledge- and Value-Centered Manager 10 characteristics necessary for an effective manager: Vision- knowledge centered Ability to motivate- value centered Efficiency- knowledge centered Organization- knowledge centered Control- knowledge centered Ability to plan- knowledge centered Positive attitude- value centered Sense perspective- value centered Respect- value centered Trust- value centered All of these characteristics add value for an effective manager. The first one is vision; this helps because everyone starts something with a view of what it will become. This will also help motivate other by knowing as your company grows it will improve and be something great because, the whole team has worked together. You need a vision so you have a goal/ something to work towards. A manager needs to be efficient, because they have many responsibilities that need to be fulfilled and people depending on them. They need to be organized also because, they have so many responsibilities and so little time. Managers need to control their company, if you have a group of regular employees telling you what to do confusion starts, because there is not a designated person to go to for issues. So it is safe to say, you should know your role. A manager needs to have the ability to plan, everything might come at you and you will have to know what to do. Say you have a restaurant; you would have to plan on ‘chilly’ more in winter months than you would at other times of the year. When a manager you need to have a positive attitude, you cannot expect your employee to have a positive attitude when you don’t have one. Besides that it’s good for business, people are not going to want to go somewhere that has snotty service. Sense perspective is something a manager should have; respect is a very important quality. More often than not if your manager shows respect to you, it will catch on. A manager should want to gain their employees trust. I know at my first job I had a boss and I mean boss. I know that it felt awkward eating lunch beside her.

Dentistry essays

Dentistry essays Dentistry is described as diagnosing, preventing, and treating faulty teeth, gums, tongue, lips, and mouth tissue. A dentist must remove decay, fill cavities, examine x-rays, put a protection of sealants in mouths, straighten crooked teeth, and repair fractured and chipped teeth. Dentists also must preform many surgeries on the gums and jaws of patients. They must be able to extract teeth, make molds and models to send to dental laboratories to replace missing or decaying teeth. To make their jobs easier, dentists provide guidance on the use of anesthetics, dieting, brushing, flossing, water picking, fluorides, and tooth whitening. Most dentist work various amounts of times. The time range is usually between twenty five to forty hours a week. After medical school, dentists obviously tend to work more hours to pay for their education. Most dentists become solo practitioners. These dentists control their business with a small staff of hygienists and secretaries. They also sen d their molds, crown and bridge work, and porcelain out to dental technicians. Other dentists have partners and work in dental firms or hospitals or as an associate dentist. In the life of a dentist practically every day is a challenge. This career provides a great variety. It is quickly changing and a definite expanding profession. Usually for most diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and hypertension, dentists are the first health professionals to notice signs. In order to diagnosis such diseases dentists must use a variety of technology such as computers and magnetic imaging. Also to diagnose these health flaws a dentist must have a good ability for visual memory, judgement for size and shape, and a scientific ability. Dentists must also work to achieve a better appearance for their patients and a better health through cosmetic dentistry. After school dentists must continue to gradually increase their education and awareness through public ed...

iPad Shortcuts for Students

iPad Shortcuts for Students iPad Shortcuts for Students The influence and growth of modern digital technologies is undeniable. More and more spheres are going digital and information technologies are getting more and more sophisticated. Brand new devices can even be confusing at times! Along with the number of possibilities that become available with the help of new gadgets, the number of potential complications increases too! Today students commonly use iPad for a number of its advantages. First, its comparatively small and portable. Second, being equipped with a number of functions, it makes a student’s life easier! The tips suggested in the following article can help students get the most out of their iPad by using it effectively. Easy shifting among the apps To make your work with iPad quick you have to learn how to shift between various apps. As the vice president of the Gravit8 Marketing Andrea Morcherman, suggests, the best possible way to open the multitask menu is to tap the home button twice or to swipe upwards with four fingers (Flavin, 2014). In this way you’ll open all the apps which you’ve recently used. You can also use this method to copy and paste information from one app into another. Get more with the triple click! Its quick and easy to open the multitasking bar with a double-click. One interesting fact is that a triple-click will increase general access in general settings to the menu. A simple triple-click will activate additional options like changing the colour of the screen, zoom function and voiceover (Flavin, 2014). Make typing more convenient A majority of people use both hands when typing. Though holding your tablet this may turn out to be rather challenging! Find the keyboard button and hold it in the right bottom corner and select the option split. You’ll get two halves of the keyboard on each side of the screen. You’ll then be able to type with both thumbs while holding the gadget upright (Flavin, 2014). Isnt it much more convenient to use two parts of the keyboard instead of one? Creating a foreign language massage on your iPad Sometimes you need to type some information or just a single word in a foreign language using a simple English language keyboard. This can be discouraging! Still, theres a perfect solution! Its simple to get access to the whole range of accents and characters by just holding a letter down until you notice the grid on the screen (Flavin, 2014). Taking immediate screen shots As your iPad encompasses the function of a camera, you have a nice chance to take any kind of pictures, and save them, no matter what it might be: a menu in a cafà © or the schedule of your sessions for the next semester. To make an immediate screenshot, hold the home button and the Sleep\Wake button, which is on top right corner of your iPad simultaneously for a few seconds. Soon you’ll notice that the screenshot you need is in the camera roll (Flavin, 2014). Bingo! As easy as that! Create your own list of abbreviations Theres always a number of addresses which are frequently used. It can be good idea to make the list of abbreviations in your General Settings. Your first step is to type some text in the phrase box. Second, add the abbreviation that will be connected with this text into the shortcut box. Done! Next time instead of typing the name of the site you often use, it will be inserted by means of auto-fill function after typing just a few initial letters. Why not save time this way? Enjoy using E-books for your studies One essential advantage from your iPad can save money! Prices often tend to increase and delivery service is sometimes late. Taking into account the opinion of Jordan Schiefer, IT and web specialist, by installing Apples iBook application, students can forget about spending money on textbooks and download any course textbook they need! Flavin. 10 iPad Shortcuts to Make Your Life Easier. 5 Apr. 2014. http://rasmussen.edu/

Applying the conceot of Positive Deviance Article

Applying the conceot of Positive Deviance - Article Example The patient developed septic shock after contracting an HAI called MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Tragic demise of my friend’s relative was an event which was preventable, but it happened because more attention was laid on treatment and less on prevention. Lack of awareness regarding HIAs is also a big problem. The need of the time is to use a different approach to handle the growing problem of HIAs as current approaches have had poor success in terms of outcomes. We need to bring in the method of PD to identify those individuals or positive deviants who are present in every community and who use unconventional practices or behaviors to successfully solve even the most intractable problems (Bradley et al., 2009). Such individuals offer better solutions than their peers who remain unsuccessful even while having access to same kind of resources. This is why PD is popularized as â€Å"a refreshing theory for social change† (Pascale et al., cited in Sellnow & Seeger, 2013). In order to prevent HIAs and address this grave healthcare issue, strategic initiatives should be taken based on introducing and promoting new behaviors till they transform into permanent habits and creating sustainable change. Research claims that one of the biggest hurdles in the way of PD is to get large numbers of people to quickly embrace a desired behavioral change (Seidman & McCauley, 2009, p. 27). Any behavioral change should be slowly â€Å"communicated over time among members of a social system† (Rogers, cited in Dingfelder & Mandell, 2011). This is called the process of diffusion. In case of HIAs, we should especially remember the famous awareness iceberg according to which crisis in the form of untimely death occurs because there is lack of awareness regarding the intensity of the issue in hospitals. Only 4% problems are visible or known to top managers. Remaining problems remain hidden under the water (Gardam, 2009). Research identifies an established

Best practices in Critical Thinking and Decision Making Essay

Best practices in Critical Thinking and Decision Making - Essay Example It involves gathering of information, analysis, evaluation and application of the information obtained in the process of critical thinking, and finally arriving at a final decision. According to Carter (1973), â€Å"Critical thinking is thinking that proceeds on the basis of careful evaluation of premises and evidence and comes to conclusions as objectively as possible through the consideration of all pertinent factors and the use of valid procedures from logic.† Decision-making is a process where the individual arrives at a solution to a given problem by evaluating information. A decision can be arrived at through analysis, discussions and debates. A review of the process of critical thinking and decision making makes it clear that a quality decision cannot be arrived at without critical thinking. In the absence of critical thinking, entire details of a situation may not be available and the best solution may be hard to find. Decision making involves balancing of quantitative and qualitative data and using our judgment to make the right choice. It is here that critical thinking helps. Critical thinking puts our knowledge of a particular situation or problem into a proper perspective. It helps us to understand the subject by filling the gaps in information and revealing the significance of the assumptions we have made about the subject. When there are many options available to us it is difficult to choose. A final and informed decision can be arrived at when we have a full understanding of the subject. Critical thinking helps you to do just that by providing us with the consequences and implications of various options. Critical thinkers use the power of reasoning to dissect complex problems and make things simple. Critical thinking contributes towards avoiding mistakes and making one aware of opportunities available. Critical thinking requires practice. It is not mere thinking. To be a

The Election of 1828 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Election of 1828 - Research Paper Example The longest elections in american history have opened a new era of democracy and have brightened the way for future changes that will build constant vision of modern society. By 1828 the United States was by no means a nascent democracy by all standards with elections being hallmarks of a growing democracy. However, some elections were deemed as significant as they were controversial that they changed the election culture and served as a blueprint from which future political developments sprouted from. By the end of 1828, Americans had voted into office a man who was widely regarded as a champion of the common people1. The 11th elections proved to be a turning point in American history as, in as much as it was mired in smear underhand tactics and open character assassination, it heralded a return of party politics as it managed to whip the masses into two major party lines and the consequent party conflicts and bitterness would resonate for years. Andrew Jackson’s loss in the 1824 elections which were regarded as a ‘corrupt bargain’,2 and his ride to victory four years later through the support of the poor or working class clearly formed a template many future elections that were to follow where political power closely resembled the growing population of the United States. It was now possible for a person of humble descent like Andrew Jackson to ascend to the highest pinnacle of political power unlike where it was a reserve of a small clique of aristocrats. Andrew Jackson won in the election of 1824, but faced a loss to John Adams when the election was deferred to the House of Representatives3. He (Andrew Jackson) and his loyalist were outraged when the House of Representatives because of the influence Henry Clay, an unsuccessful presidential candidate and speaker of the house, awarded the presidency to John Quincy Adams. One may wonder if the process was free and fair and totally unbiased as a few days later, the president-elect John Quincy Adams named Henry Clay his secretary of state4. At the time, this was a position that had been a launch-pad for future presidents. The American people who had clearly demonstrated their preferred candidates felt betrayed by the very system that unified them as a people. One is compelled to raise various questions on the turn of events since Andrew Jackson won a plurality of electoral votes in the election which meant that he was the ultimate choice of the Americans. Andrew Jackson was devastated by the turn of events and one would understand his reaction at the time and devoted himself for the next four years to winning the presidency in the 1828 election: the next election. The modern Democratic Party was formed through the efforts of Andrew Jackson’s loyalist, Martin Van Buren. This political machine was one of the many strategies they used. Van Buren worked extra hard to gain popularity in the East as Andrew Jackson was already popular in the west. Nominations for the 182 8 elections changed and legislatures were tasked with the job of making the nominations. John Quincy Adams was re-nominated by the National Republicans while the Democrats nominated Andrew Jackson. The nomination presented a rematch between two great rivals of the time, Andrew Jackson and President John Adams. The campaign was one of the nastiest in American history. The elections of 1828 proved to be unique from all the previous elections in American history in various ways. The campaign was marked by considerable cased of mudslinging. This vice was uncommon during previous elections

Servant leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Servant leadership - Essay Example Students shall receive desirable educational quality with the support of such control system. On the contrary, this system possessed certain loopholes. Firstly, no principal would state that their students were provided with lower quality of education. This indicates all teachers are given a rank of 5 on the grading system (Daft, 2013). Personal feedback given by master teachers cannot be considered as accurate. It is recommended that centralized external agency should exhibit operations related to feedback control system. Personnel needs to be hired who can evaluate efficiency level of teachers in context of subject area outside their expertise. Teacher grading system forms an integral component of feedback control system. Master teachers and principals were the key personnel involved in such grading system. Teacher evaluation system is important when there is a need to analyze performance of students as well as teachers. Feedback control system highlights contribution of teacher towards a system. Student learning progress is dependent on accountability of teachers. Grading system is an essential part simply because it helps in determining position of a teacher in educational system with respect to others. Master teachers and principal needs to cover wide set of areas in order to grade a teacher. Feedback system can operate efficiently only when a framework of grades or results is provided. This framework outlines performance of teachers over a specific time period. Perfection exhibited by teachers can be portrayed through such grading system. Accuracy is a critical element in the entire evaluation process. Principals are involved in the evaluation process and they might possess long term relationship with teaching staff. This form of relationship tends to violate the process. However accuracy standards can be retained only when state controls the operation through an external agent. Principals who are conducting the procedure also need to be

Toyota Motors Internal Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Toyota Motors Internal Business - Research Paper Example From this paper it is clear that Toyota Motor Company supplies its cars to the U.S., East Africa and Japan, but faces intense competition it is endeavor to expand its market to countries such as China.This study highlights that  the market system is a system that allows individuals and firms to make their own decisions about who gets what and the means used to get it. While the market system deals with individual decisions, the government deals with collective decisions. In the United States, the market system and the government make decisions concerning the economy. The U.S. economy is made up of individual people, social institutions and business and labor organizations. The United States constitution is the basis of the United States’ legal system. The U.S. legal system gives the freedom to own private property. The law gives U.S. citizens a right to own property and use it in the lawful manner they choose. The market system affects the distribution and sales of Toyota ve hicles because the decision of using them is made by people and organizations that may want the products. The U.S. government does not control the individual buying and using the vehicle. It is the duty of the Toyota Motor Company to convince its customers of the benefits of using the products as opposed to other related products. It is the duty of Toyota Motor Company to offer the vehicles that the customers might need at prices that they are willing to pay and which it can afford to sell. The Motor Company price will determine who will be able to purchase the products. Political risks in a country may be instituted by the political decisions in regard to the expected outcome and value of any given economic action. Macroeconomic and socials policies are the key effects of political risks. In the U.S., political risk can be caused by government participation in private enterprise. A financial crisis may also be the possible source for a political risk in a country. For instance, in 2009 investors in the US were concerned about political risk after the government played a great and controversial role in private enterprise due to the economic problems that were experienced at the time (Graybow, 2009). Toyota Motor company’s products are luxuries and not basic needs. Therefore, in case of a political risk the demand for its products will reduce. To avoid losses in situations of political risks the company should consider broadening its markets. When one market is affected by the problem, it can utilize time on other markets as it waits for the affected country to revert to stability. The Toyota management should ensure that it does not rely on one market. In case there is a political risk in one country its sales and other operations will not be paralyzed when it adopts this strategy. Preparing strategies in advance will make the company more prepared to tackle political risks in the future. Toyota motors code of conduct includes observing local laws, respecting societal norms and company ethics, engaging in fair corporate activities and complying with the expectations of its stakeholders. In raising individual awareness of compliance, Toyota promotes initiatives through corporate ethics committee and other internal organizations. They always check activities to enhance compliance with their codes. The Toyota code of conduct describes the values to be observed by the people of the global Toyota organization. The codes are aimed at creating a harmonious

Why do you think it is important to manage know-who and stimulating Essay

Why do you think it is important to manage know-who and stimulating connection between people - Essay Example The primary function of knowhow companies and organizations is to furnish complicated, non-stereotypical and nonconventional, and creative solutions (Charan, 2007). So, its gets utterly important to manage knowhow as the primary asset of such organizations is their knowhow capital and not some unwieldy production process or their financial assets. This calls for a unique management approach that places individuals at the center and specializes in connecting people to give way to compatible, stress free and culturally harmonized teams (Charan, 2007). It is also vital to manage knowhow because knowhow only becomes profitable when it is tagged to a positive business idea (Sveiby & Lloyd, 1989). Human networking plays a pivotal role in the knowhow organizations as fostering relationships with suppliers, customers and compatible and likeminded organizations ensure a prompt risk management and streamline the flow of information that constitutes the raw material of a knowhow company (Sveiby & Lloyd, 1989). There is no denying the fact that knowhow also requires financial capital to succeed. Proper management of knowhow and stimulating connections between people promotes a coordinated cooperation between the people owning knowhow capital and the stakeholders representing financial capital (Sveiby & Lloyd, 1989).

Toyota Motors Internal Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Toyota Motors Internal Business - Research Paper Example From this paper it is clear that Toyota Motor Company supplies its cars to the U.S., East Africa and Japan, but faces intense competition it is endeavor to expand its market to countries such as China.This study highlights that  the market system is a system that allows individuals and firms to make their own decisions about who gets what and the means used to get it. While the market system deals with individual decisions, the government deals with collective decisions. In the United States, the market system and the government make decisions concerning the economy. The U.S. economy is made up of individual people, social institutions and business and labor organizations. The United States constitution is the basis of the United States’ legal system. The U.S. legal system gives the freedom to own private property. The law gives U.S. citizens a right to own property and use it in the lawful manner they choose. The market system affects the distribution and sales of Toyota ve hicles because the decision of using them is made by people and organizations that may want the products. The U.S. government does not control the individual buying and using the vehicle. It is the duty of the Toyota Motor Company to convince its customers of the benefits of using the products as opposed to other related products. It is the duty of Toyota Motor Company to offer the vehicles that the customers might need at prices that they are willing to pay and which it can afford to sell. The Motor Company price will determine who will be able to purchase the products. Political risks in a country may be instituted by the political decisions in regard to the expected outcome and value of any given economic action. Macroeconomic and socials policies are the key effects of political risks. In the U.S., political risk can be caused by government participation in private enterprise. A financial crisis may also be the possible source for a political risk in a country. For instance, in 2009 investors in the US were concerned about political risk after the government played a great and controversial role in private enterprise due to the economic problems that were experienced at the time (Graybow, 2009). Toyota Motor company’s products are luxuries and not basic needs. Therefore, in case of a political risk the demand for its products will reduce. To avoid losses in situations of political risks the company should consider broadening its markets. When one market is affected by the problem, it can utilize time on other markets as it waits for the affected country to revert to stability. The Toyota management should ensure that it does not rely on one market. In case there is a political risk in one country its sales and other operations will not be paralyzed when it adopts this strategy. Preparing strategies in advance will make the company more prepared to tackle political risks in the future. Toyota motors code of conduct includes observing local laws, respecting societal norms and company ethics, engaging in fair corporate activities and complying with the expectations of its stakeholders. In raising individual awareness of compliance, Toyota promotes initiatives through corporate ethics committee and other internal organizations. They always check activities to enhance compliance with their codes. The Toyota code of conduct describes the values to be observed by the people of the global Toyota organization. The codes are aimed at creating a harmonious

Practical Applications of Management Theories Essay

Practical Applications of Management Theories - Essay Example This theory views organization as a system of different components which help to accomplish the goals of the system. In general, a management theory is useful if it helps managers to understand relationships within organization. Furthermore, theory tends to simplify complex relationships by removing from consideration variables thought to be of lesser concern, in order to permit focusing on the variables of greater interest. Following Hoopes (2003): "some corporation prospered more than others, accumulating capital that in onrushing era of heavy industry created a new kind of special privilege, privilege of owing" (1). This statement can make it easier to understand cause/effect and other relationships among variables. It can help managers increase the accuracy and usefulness of predictions with respect to the variables. According to Deming (1986) "Management in any form is prediction" (cited Scherkenbach 1991, p. 7) managers have to act on the best knowledge they have to get anything done. This knowledge enables them to predict with approximate certainty that their efforts will pay off. Therefore managers must assiduously gather that knowledge that best enables organization to predict the outcomes of efforts that ensure success. And managers must do all they can to ensure that everyone in an organization acts in concert on the best knowledge. ... Building bureaucracy transferred power from subordinates to superiors (Hoopes 2003). Deming's theory allows organization to reach the desired goals and coordinate all activities in the best possible manner. Deming's theory is often connected with quality management and quality control. The Deming's theory is based on 14 principles which help organizations to improve the current and future performance. It is possible to say that this open and dynamic approach avoids the error of the other theorists, who thought of organizations as closed systems and analyzed their problems with reference to their internal structures and processes of interaction, without taking account either of external influences and the changes they impose or of the technology in the organization (Scherkenbach 1991). Deming's theory best meets organization needs because to helps to maximize productivity and reduce operational costs. For instance, "inspection," writes Deming, "does not improve quality and is costly and ineffective" (cited Scherkenbach 1991, p. 45). Quality does not come from inspection by management of everything that workers do (an unrealistic and impossible task anyway). Mass inspection by a principal, for example, is unwieldy and time-consuming. Moreover, it promotes complacency by establishing management-determined standards for employees rather than allowing them to establish and work toward their own standards in areas in which they have expertise. Mass inspection is antithetical to the belief that people will strive to do high-quality work where trust exists. This does not mean that there is no place for quality control, nor does it rule out peer assessment for the purpose of improvement. Deming's

Evaluating Strengths and Weaknesses of Reason as a Way of Knowing Essay Example for Free

Evaluating Strengths and Weaknesses of Reason as a Way of Knowing Essay This paper that I am writing on is a piece of paper; that is undeniable fact. Hundreds of years of development and definition also back up this statement as do any scientific experiments carried out upon it in an effort to prove that this piece of paper is indeed a piece of paper. Yet through reasoning the fact that this is a piece of paper can be disputed and even proved wrong. Reason seems like an excellent way to work out the world around us. It uses all of the facts available to come up with a suitable hypothesis which can be tested and either proved or disproved through experimentation. This is the foundation of science, which is what the majority of people would trust. So anything proved through scientific means is therefore and irrefutable fact. Of course, in every experiment write up there is an acknowledgement that the data collected might not be completely accurate or that the interpretation of results might be wayward but again this is perfectly reasonable. It is reasonable to assume that despite your best efforts you may have got the answer wrong and another answer, no matter how unlikely, may be correct. As well as reason being proved by scientific experiment it can also be proved by historical fact. For example, it is undisputable fact that on 30th May 1431 Joan of Arc was burned at the stake. That cannot be argued with, it was that date and will always be that date no matter what happens in the future and every history text or website would agree with that fact. So it is therefore illogical to start claiming that Joan of Arc died last week as historical facts, which are perfectly reasonable, tell us otherwise. However, does reason really help us in our quest for knowledge or is it a poor way of finding out about the world? Despite much scientific investigation and historical knowledge there are many questions in the world that are left unanswered and unexplained. These questions are sometimes fundamental to life itself. For example, how are we conscious beings that can interact with the world beyond purely animal instincts? This question could possibly be explained by the electrica l impulses in the brain that form our thoughts but how can we have developed into any kind society purely through electrical impulses? In this case, using reason to explain what is happening almost seems unreasonable as the potential answer seems not to be able to completely cover the question. After all, if it is only electrical impulses, then what need is there for a person to be able to be able to create a symphony with an orchestra? As well as reason not being able to answer some questions there are some problems with following logical arguments. Logical fallacies are the main example of this. This is where through looking at two or more facts a conclusion is drawn which is false. For example: Cake is food, food is tasty, and therefore cake is tasty. However, this is obviously not true as whilst some cake may be tasty, perhaps even the majority; this does not mean to say that all cake is tasty. After all a burnt cake is not that tasty! Also not only is the conclusion false the two facts through which the conclusion is derived can also be said to be false. After all, any cake that I bake should not be classed as food and not all food is tasty. This statement is far too general and is a large problem with logical fallacies as they generally come to a wrong conclusion, both through the ignorance of other factors as well as the fact that often the facts are not completely accurate in the first place. Lateral thinking is also something which at first seems illogical yet (often) in hindsight becomes logical. It is creative thinking which does not merely follow the most logical steps to reach an answer. For example a suggested solution to the Arab-Israeli conflict in the Middle East was to ship vast amounts of Marmite to the area. This seems utterly senseless, as surely holding talks and making agreements between the two sides would be the best steps forward. However, on examining the idea further it becomes logical, if creative! In the typical diet of people in the Middle Eastern area there is a lack of zinc due to the main diet of unleavened bread. This lack of zinc creates aggression. Marmite contains a lot of zinc and therefore could be used to solve the problem in the Middle East. Whilst this solution does not seem reasonable it would work and so shows that reason is not always the best policy. There is also a difference in opinion between what people may think is logical and illogical. Many people in the world take illogical decisions and believe illogical knowledge. Or they seem to do so. Religion is a major factor in many people’s lives and it affects many of the things that they think and do. Due to this people may make a decision that seems illogical to secular people which is perfectly logical to religious people. This brings up the question of; what is reason? After all if two different decisions about the same thing are made and are both reasonable to those people it begs the question of whether or not reason itself can be defined. Is reason just a matter of opinion or is there a yardstick by which all reasonable decisions can be made. If we look back at the British Empire one of the purposes of that was to; â€Å"Make the world England† rather then to respect what other cultures thought and did. In many small islands in the Far East a warrior culture was common and often tribes would fight each other for prestige rather then for anything else. However, to the British this seemed barbaric, yet without it the culture fell apart. For them it was reasonable for this to take place, the knowledge they had seemed to point to the fact that this was a good thing. But not for the British who had a very different opinion through the knowledge that they had acquired. To conclude reason as a way of knowing has both strengths and weaknesses. The weaknesses are that a difference of opinion means that people will reason differently too making it an irregular method of making decisions and acquiring knowledge. Reason may also not be the best policy as more creative solutions may be better which can be derived through latera l thinking. Also logical fallacies call into question the validity of reason as they produce false results through logical steps. As well as this we cannot answer some fundamental questions through reason. However, reason is often the best way that we can make decisions in the world. Scientific experiment and historical knowledge are two very good examples of how reason cannot be changed and is therefore very valuable as it allows us to have consistency with our knowledge. Of course religion means that some inconsistency comes into play with our knowledge but on the whole reason is often the best policy.

Religious Terrorism And Its Global Effects Politics Essay

Religious Terrorism And Its Global Effects Politics Essay Religious terrorism is terrorism by those whose motivations and aims have a predominant religious character or influence. In the modern age, after the decline of ideas such as the divine right of kings and with the rise of nationalism, terrorism more often involved anarchism, nihilism and revolutionary politics, but since 1980 there has been an increase in activity motivated by religion. Former United States Secretary of State Warren Christopher said that terrorist acts in the name of religion and ethnic identity have become one of the most important security challenges we face in the wake of the Cold War. Steven Weinberg has argued that religion is the most important factor, famously saying for good people to do evil things that take religion. (Arquilla, 1999) In the wake of the tragic events of September 11, and as evidence mounted that Islamic extremists committed the acts, the Muslim community in the United States quickly moved to distance itself from the terrorists. In stark contrast, Muslims in many parts of the Middle East could be seen on television news programs wildly cheering the attack on America. Those unfamiliar with Islam suddenly had a deep interest in knowing which of these really represented Islam. In the first days after the attack, uncertainty bred fear and contempt in some Americans who lashed out at an innocent Muslim community. Many Muslims, fearing for their safety, would no longer go out in public. Political leaders and the media joined Muslim leaders in trying to educate the general public about the differences between true Muslims and those who committed these terrible crimes. (Arquilla) U.S. officials believe that at least 19 Islamic men orchestrated the suicidal hijacking of four Boeing jets who had connections to the fanatical religious leader, Osama bin Laden. At least one of the hijackers owned a copy of the Koran, which authorities found in a bag that didnt make the flight. They also found pages of spiritual instructions which contained statements such as: Youre doing a job which is loved by God, and you will end your day in heavens where you will join the virgins, and I pray to you God to forgive me from all my sins, to allow me to glorify you in every possible way. The Koran, their faith and their will to die for their beliefs provide important clues as to the reason for their actions. Apparently these clues have yet to affect the minds of our military and political leaders. Long before September 11, 2001, Muslims in the U.S. realized that Islam was associated with terrorism and they set about to distinguish moderate Islam from that of Muslim extremists, fundamentalists and terrorists. Moderates claim Muslim extremists have given the wrong impression of Islam and contend that to equate religious terrorism and ethnic cleansing with Islam is like defining Christianity by David Koresh or Timothy McVeigh. The truth probably lies somewhere in between, for both history and fundamentalist theology present functional problems for Muslims to explain. (Hoffman, 1999) Despite these assurances and having moved several months past the attacks, the debate continues as to whether Islam is a religion of peace or does, in fact, support the terrorist actions that have taken so many innocent lives in America and throughout the world, in the name of Allah. This debate will no doubt continue for some time. Our purpose here is not to resolve that issue but to try and better understand the beliefs of our Muslim neighbors and our responsibility as Christians to reach out to them with the gospel. Muslims believe there are two types of jihad: a lesser and a greater. Muhammad is said to have taught that warfare to destroy the infidel is actually a lesser jihad. Instead the Muslim should practice the greater jihad, which is the war every man must wage within himself to follow Allah and do what is right. In Middle Eastern countries the emphasis certainly seems to be on the lesser jihad. However, Muslims in democratic countries, and Western Muslims in particular, currently tend to interpret jihad as the greater jihad. Causes of Terrorism Social and political injustice, these people choose terrorism when they are trying to right what they perceive to be a social or political or historical wrong. This may happen if they have been stripped of their land or rights, or denied these. The belief that violence or its threat will be effective, and move in change. Many terrorists in history said that they chose violence after long deliberation; because they fell they have no choice. Here are some stories where these two elements are basic in their story. Zionists who bombed British targets in 1930s mandate Palestine felt they must do so in order to create a Jewish state. The IRA (Irish Republican Army) bombed English targets in the 1980s to make the point that their land was colonized by British imperialists. In the 1960s and 1970s, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine felt that armed attacks in Israel were a justifiable response to the usurpation of their land. Osama bin Ladens war on American interests in the 1990s stemmed from his belief that U.S. troops stationed in Saudi Arabia represented an abomination to the kind of Islamic state he believed should exist in the Arabian Peninsula. Uighur separatists In China felt the Chinese religious repression justifies their terrorist tactics. In some cases, people choose terrorist tactics based on a cause whose righteousness they believe in to the exclusion of nearly all else. Abortion clinic bombers in the 1990s and groups such as the Animal Liberation Front believe zealously in their causes. (Richard, 1998) Most that choose terrorism are persuaded that by violence or threats of violence is effective. So the question what causes terrorism? we probably will not be able to answer. Although many people today believe that that religious fanaticism causes terrorism, it isnt true. It may be true that religious fanaticism creates conditions that are favorable for terrorism. But we know that religious zealotry does not cause terrorism because there are many religious fanatics who do not choose terrorism or any form of violence. So there must also be other conditions that in combination provoke some people to see terrorism as an effective way of creating change in their world. There are two more reasons why asking, What conditions create a favorable climate for terrorism? is better than asking about causes The first is, it makes it easy to remember that there are always at least several conditions. Terrorism is a complex phenomenon; it is a specific kind of political violence committed by people who do not have legitimate army at their disposal. A second reason that has been useful for me, as I ask questions about terrorism, is that thinking in terms of conditions helps I remember that people have a choice about whether to use violence. There is nothing inside any person or in their circumstances that sends them like a monopoly piece headed directly to Go directly to terrorism. Instead, there are certain conditions, some of which make violence against civilians seem like a reasonable and even necessary option. Despite this, and some of the deeply unforgivable circumstances that foster terrorism, people always have the free will to seek another course of action. The Effects of Terrorism Terrorism has occurred throughout history, but today the world is experiencing a global rebirth of attacks. Today it no longer affects only small societies, such as isolated third world countries who fall victim to regular terrorist attacks, but the whole world is becoming more familiar with Arab and Muslim names. The terrorist violence that is on the rise today has informed citizen all over the world about different types of terrorism. Also with the resurgence the world is experiencing of terrorism, the Nations have been to do what they can to eliminate terrorism. Terrorism is a major problem that is reoccurring over the globe in many different forms. The US alone spends about $5 billion dollars a year combating terrorists. The treats of bio-chemical, Suicide or psychological warfare, and information warfare are on the rise in todays societies as more political argument and groups emerge. Along with the rise of terrorism is also the increase in Counter-Terrorism acts. Even though most counter terrorist groups are kept secret, the increase of terrorism has also countered balanced. Throughout the years many radical and reactionary groups have been the cause for terrorist attacks throughout the world, but the ones that will always remain the most important to you are the ones that happen in your home nation.

New Social Movements, how they arose and affect us. Essay -- essays re

What factors account for the rise of new social movements and what effect have they had on contemporary society? We are all familiar with the stories of suffragettes burning their bras, and environmental enthusiasts breaking into labs and liberating rats back to the wild. But what caused women to abruptly rip of their pinnies, tell dad dinner’s in the dog and start running around without appropriate underwear? What caused contented homemakers to leave the cosy warmth of their gas fires in favour of chaining themselves to trees? And are such people an eccentric minority, or have they profoundly affected the way we live and think in the western world today? To address these questions I will begin by defining New Social Movements (or NSMs). To follow I will break down a few movements in more detail, first discussing what they stand for, and then examining how they originated and matured. In the latter section I will try to determine the scope and boundaries of their influence on contemporary society. Quite strict guidelines have emerged as to what a New Social Movement is, and the kind of characteristics a political movement must have to classify as an NSM. Dalton and Kuechler suggest: ‘A set of opinions and beliefs in a population that represents preferences for changing some elements of the social structure and/or the reward distribution of society’. However, by this definition anyone with any concern for any aspect of pollution, nuclear power, the quality of life and many other issues is a member of the social movement. Most writers agree there are more definitive ways of identifying an NSM. ‘They have ideological, organisational and tactical aspects.’ (Lovenduski and Norris, 1996) The ideological side is the most ambitious and romantic: ‘ . . . social movements are challengers which seek to change the agenda of the system in which they work. They advance ideas which, to be realised, would require fundamental and widespread change in policies and in values – change which may be partially achieved through government action and legislation, but can not be wholly achieved in this way. They raise issues which question the dominant values that constitute the political culture of their society, and hence have a ‘political’ and ‘cultural’ dimension. They aim to change people attitudes on a personal as well as public level.’ The organisational side is ... ...provided the opportunity for extreme growth and broader and deeper support networks – which led to international organisations and further networking. The shift in the government’s position regarding society and its decision in favour of their causes justified and stabilised NSMs. There is now a sway towards socialism and libertarianism as in the new millennium we demand our individual rights and equality, but whether NSMs caused this or were a manifestation of it difficult to be sure about. Most likely they are mutually supporting pillars, but it is undeniable that NSMs have had a profound effect on our society and expectations. Our culture now accepts the diversity inherent in people and has a more citizen orientated set of interests with a dedication that gives our generation today the impression it has always been the way. A far cry from the slavery and the legal inferiority of women of not so long ago. NSMs have forced a new caution regarding technological and industrial progress, and they have modified the priorities, structure, and position of government. They have liberalised our attitudes towards the family, sex, drugs, film and literature, for better or for worse.

Hrm Practices in Rmg Sector Essay

Acknowledgement: At the very beginning I express gratitude to my honorable course instructor Kazi Tareq ullah for his splendid suggestion, fantastic guidance, necessary recommendation, positive reinforcement, effective discipline, justice & fairness, recognition & rewards. His motivation power is also enormous for which I engaged my best efforts to prepare such a report of findings. I am proud to state that I got such a course instructor who was very much friendly with me. So, all thanks go to him as he extended hand for me wherever I needed. In fact, he made the course interesting to me and I can say proudly that I know something about different areas of business communication and organization analysis. I would like to thank to my classmates whose inspiration and co-operation helped me a lot during conducting the internship. Executive summery: In keeping with the vision and philosophy to be a truly strategic business partner to customers windy has made every effort to be involved at all levels of the business process. The in-house Design & Product Development team is backed with a dedicated sampling facility for fabrics and garments allowing windy to assist customers in their product development process and ensure a relevant and timely product for the market. Windy is set to be an integral partner providing a wide range of support and services across the entire supply chain. Windy’s 100% export oriented garment factories have a current annual production capacity of 5 million garments with a projected target of 15 million high quality garments. These combine the best of the indigenous features of Bangladesh such as easy availability of low cost skilled labor with focused investment in modern technology and qualified professionals. With strong focus on differentiated, innovative and value added products, the company has strengthened its design team and expanded its product development activities. With the trend–right products, it has been able to increase business substantially with the fashion forward customers. The company participated in international fair in many countries was highly appreciated by the customers which enhanced its reputation and increased its visibility in the international market. In the backdrop of quota elimination, uncertainties in the global market scenario, the company’s aggressive marketing team has been able to establish itself firmly to the customers as an important partner in the supply chain. Windy has invested in modern machinery and coupled this with superior technical expertise to ensure excellent quality in each of the 10,000 dress and casual shirts, 3,000 knit tops and 2,000 jeans and woven bottoms produced daily. The windy formula for success is to maximize the inexpensive skilled labor with management from a high tech perspective. Industrial engineering and work-study play and important role with software such as GSD & FMS used for data driven production management to maximize efficiency. The organization is managed by a group of top tier professionals specifically hired for their expertise in the various aspects of the garment production process. Regular training updates and technical inputs from visiting professionals and consultants equip all windy employees to excel in their areas and ensure top-notch product quality, value and service are received by business partners. In-spite these excellent facilities in fact, the company is facing tremendous problem in customer service. The Company can’t maintain its delivery schedule as required by the customers in most of the orders. In the bottom line, I do believe that the company has ample opportunities to upgrade itself by using all its resources, maintaining qualities, delivering goods to the customers in time and giving continuous effort to the overall customer service. We should always remember –â€Å" Continuous Improvement is the Road To Survival And Growth†. Contents – Introducton. 1.1-Introduction 1.2-Origin of the report 1.3-Rational of the study 1.4-Objectives of the report 1.5 –Methodology of the study 1.6-Limitation of the study -Background of the windy apparels ltd. 2.1-Introduction 2.2-Back ground 2.3-Management and organigation 2.4-Organigation chart -Human resource planning and policies of windy apparels ltd. 3.1-Planning and policies 3.2-Planning and policies figure -Job analysis of windy apparels ltd. 4.1-Job analysis 4.2-Job analysis method 4.3-Job analysis figure Recruitment and selection process of windy apparels ltd. 5.1-Recruitment 5.2-Constraints of recruiting efforts 5.3-Recruiting sources 5.4-The selection process 5.5-The selection process figure 5.6-Interview appraisal form 5.7-Reference verification check list Training and development of windy apparels ltd. 6.1-Training and development 6.2-Traning figure 6.3-Training approaches Performance appraisals of windy apparels ltd. 7.1-Performance appraisal 7.2-The appraisal process figure 7.3-Performance rating Compensasion of windy apparels ltd. 8.1-Compensasion 8.2-Types of Employees Reward 8.3-Service and Benefit 8.4-Safety and health program Disciplinary Action of windy apparels ltd. 9.1-Disciplinary action 9.2-Factors to consider when discipline 9.3-Funetion of disciplinary action -Conclusion and Recommendation 10.1-Conclution 10.2-Recommendation Referance Questioners- 1.1-Introduction: Administration is one of the important departments in the company to implement the policies rules and regulation. Administration department will manage the whole work process with the polices build up by the management of the company People working in the company are the greatest resource .Human resource department ensure the maximum benefit of the human working in the company and also ensure the maximum productivity by motivation. So in the company human resource department has a huge volume of influence to build up a better environment to work and maximize the productivity and company’s goodwill. 1.2- Origin of the report: This report originated as an academic requirement of BBA Program of Uttara University. After completion of the program period a student must submit the report on the assigned topic to the supervisor and to the department. I was assigned to project course on â€Å"HRM Practices in RMG Sector† for completing the program. 1.3-Rationale of the study: Theoretical knowledge is not enough for a student. It is essential for a student to acquire practical knowledge. This report is prepared for showing the windy apparels ltd and overall RMG sector. . According to fulfill the requirement the researcher has chosen to work on â€Å"HRM practices to RMG sector†. Therefore, this studies report is the outcome of an academic need as well as practical knowledge and the outmost and enthusiastic intention of the researcher under the proper and in-depth guidance of a highly experienced dedicated guide. 1.4-Objective of the report ⠝â€" This report is prepared primarily for the partial fulfillment of the BBA course requirement. ⠝â€" TO examine the RMG sector in windy apparels ltd. ⠝â€" To identify the main problems in RMG sector of windy apparels ltd and also its solution. ⠝â€" TO increase job satisfaction is essential for proper performance and good-labor management relation. ⠝â€" To make all organization programs an effective, HRM acts restlessly. ⠝â€" Finally to recommend some effective measures in improving the total system. 1.5-Methodology of the study: o Primary Sources ââ€" ª Face to face discussion with the HR.Manager of windy apparels ltd. Before sitting with him I have prepared a questionnaire ââ€" ª Direct observation ââ€" ª Other expert opinion o Secondary Sources ââ€" ª Yearly publication of windy apparels ltd ââ€" ª Relevant papers of financial statement ââ€" ª Some related information form the Internet ââ€" ª Other relevant books. 1.6-Limitation of the study In spite of my best effort , this study is not free from the following limitations: †¢ The time stipulated for the internship program †¢ Relevant papers and documents were not available sufficiently †¢ The authority has some policy for not disclosing some secret data and information which could be very much essential †¢ I am also less experienced in this regard. 2.1-Introduction: Established in 1999 the Windy group has expanded dramatically over the past 10 years and is today the largest and most diversified industrial conglomerate in Bangladesh. Employing 2,000 people including 50 qualified professionals and dealing in a wide of consumer and industrial products for domestics and global markets, Windy has fast become one of the leading foreign exchange earners in the country’s private sector. Textiles & Garments is the largest and fastest growing division of the Windy Group and presently accounts for half the Group’s business turnover and profit. The Group’s major investment continues to be concentrated in this Division. Among the variety of business, Windy Apparels Ltd ready-made garments manufacturing industry, which started its commercial production in March 1999 under the name of windy Apparels Ltd. Windy Apparels has successfully come a long way and proved its strength as a leading specialist in the industry for men’s high quality dress & casual Shirts and ladies blouses, trousers & dress. Since inception, the company has been growing steady. 2.2 – Background of the windy Apparels Ltd Windy Apparels Ltd is a situated in Rajendrapur, Gazipur, Dhaka. If has been established in 2002. There are 4300 employees work here. It contributes large portion of foreign currency exporting by ready made garments. Its total area is 38200 square feet and provides a good working environment. 2.3- Management & Organization: The over all management of the company will be vested with the Board 4f Directors. The Board of Directors will be formulated company’s policies & guide lines for its day to day business operations . The Managing Director will be the executive head who will look after the business affairs and other logistic supports of the economy. However Managing Director will be assisted by the managerial and technical personnel who will be the directors of the company. 2.4- ORGANIZATION CHART: 3.3 Vision windy apperals ltd. shall endeavor to excel in every aspect of their operation and thereby provide quality products and services to their customers. The organization will have a challenging and satisfying working environment so that the talents and potential of their human resource is given the full opportunity to blossom & grow. windy apperals ltd shall maintain a high degree of integrity in their business conduct and this characteristic will prevail in their dealings with their customers, their suppliers, their contractors, their financiers, their employees & indeed their entire society. 3.4 Mission Customer Policy: To always focus on the customer; because the customer’s satisfaction is their inspiration. Business Policy: To conduct the business with high integrity. Employee Policy: To nurture the best human resource through training & motivation. Quality Policy: To consistently developed high quality product to keep their standard above others. Environment Policy: To address environmental issues aptly & carry on their activities in line. Future Policy: To endeavor innovation to excel in every aspect of their operation. [pic] 3.1 Human Resources and Management Management and human resources management are one and the same. They should never be separated, Management is personnel administration. Management has the three jobs, two of which are directly related to personnel managing workers and work management is the process of efficiently getting things done with and through other people. HRD deals with the design of formal systems in an organization to ensure the effective and efficient use of human talents to accomplish organizational goals. There are many definitions about human resource management (HRM). One of the well known definitions offered by Michael Jucious (1984). He defined human resources management â€Å"Personnel management as the field of management which involves elements organizing, directing and controlling the function of processing, developing, maintaining and motivating a labor force†. It is process of acquiring, retaining, terminating, developing and properly using the human resource in an organization. Human resource management can be defined as a process of procuring, developing and maintaining competent human resource in the organization so that goals of an organization are achieved in an effective and efficient manner. Human resource management is â€Å"The policies and practices involved in carrying out the â€Å"People† or human resource aspects of a management position, including recruiting, screening, training, rewarding and appraising†. 3.2 Duties of HRD o Acquisition functions of HRD. o Developing functions of HRD. o Motivating functions of HRD. o Maintaining function of HRD. 3.3 Functions of HRM HR managers are performing a variety of functions. The functional areas of HR Management are changing as the time goes on. The main HRM functions include: 3.1- Human Resource Planning and Policies: Whenever windy apparels ltd is in the process of determining its human resources needs, it is engaged in a process we called human resource planning. Human resource planning is one of the most important elements in successful organization ensures that it has the right number and kinds of people, at the right place, at the right time, capable of effectively and efficiently completing those tasks that will help the organization achieve its overall strategic objectives. Human resource planning, then, ultimately translates the organization’s overall goals into the number and types of workers needed to meet those goals. Without clear-cut planning, and a direct linkage to the organization’s strategic direction, estimation of an organization’s human resource needs is reduced to mere guesswork. This means that human resource planning cannot exist in isolation. It must be linked to the organization’s overall strategy. The strategic planning process of windy apparels ltd is both long and continuous. At the beginning of the process, the organization’s main emphasis is to determine what business it is in the is commonly referred to as developing the mission statement. The mission of windy apparels ltd is to play a great role in economic development of the country. After reaching agreement on what business the company is in and who its consumers are senior management then begins to set strategic goals. During this phase, these managers define objectives for the company for the next five to twenty years. These objectives are broad statements that establish targets the organization will achieve. The goals of the windy apparels ltd is to contribute 5 % of total foreign exchange by exporting Ready Made Garments. After these goals are set, the windy apparels ltd begins the corporate assessment. During this phase, a company begins to analyze its goals, it current strategies, its external environment, its strengths and weaknesses, and its opportunities and threats, in terms of whether or not they can be achieved with the current organization resources. Commonly referred to as a â€Å"gap or SWOT ANALYSIS,† the company begins to look at what skills, knowledge, and abilities are available internally, and where shortages in terms of people skills or equipment may exist. The company must determine what jobs need to be done, and how many and what types of workers will be required. In management terminology, we call this organizing. Thus establishing the structure of the organization assists in determining the skill, knowledge, and abilities required of jobholders. 3.2-The strategic direction of Human Resource Linkage of windy apparels ltd is shown in the following figure mission Determining what business the organization will be in Objectives and goals Setting goals and objectives StrategyDetermining how goals and Objectives will be attained StructureDetermining what jobs need To be done and by whom PeopleMatching skills, knowledge, And abilities to required jobs 4.1- Job Analysis: Job analysis is a systematic exploration of the activities within a job. It is a technical procedure used to define the duties, responsibilities, and accountabilities of a job. A job analysis involves identifying and describing what is happening on a job.. accurately and precisely identifying the required tasks, the knowledge, and skills necessary for performing them and the conditions under which they must be performed. 4.2- Job Analysis Method: The basic methods that HRM can use to determine job elements and the essential knowledge, skills, and abilities for successful performance include the following: Observation Method: Using the observation method, a job analyst watches employees directly or reviews films of workers on the job. Although the observation method provides firsthand information, workers often do not function most efficiently when they are being watched, and thus distortions in the job analysis can occur. This method also requires that the entire range of activities be observable. This is possible with some jobs, but impossible for many for example, most managerial jobs. Individual Interview Method: Using the individual interview method, a team of job incumbents is selected and extensively interviewed. The results of these interviews are combined into a single job analysis. This method is effective for assessing what a job entails, and involving employees in the job analysis is essential. Group Interview Method: The group interview method is similar to the individual interview method except that a number of job incumbents are interviewed simultaneously. Accuracy is increased in assessing jobs, but group dynamics may hinder its effectiveness. Structured Questionnaire Method: Under the structured questionnaire method, workers are sent a specifically designed questionnaire in which they check or rate items they perform on their job from a long list of possible task items. This technique is excellent for gathering information about jobs. However, exceptions to a job may be overlooked, and there is often no opportunity to ask follows up questions or to clarity the information received. Technical Conference Method: The technical conference method uses supervisors with extensive knowledge of the job. Here, specific job characteristics are obtained from the experts. Although a good data gathering Method, it often overlooks the incumbent workers’ perceptions about what they do on their job. Diary Method: The diary method requires job incumbents to record their daily activities. The diary method id the most time consuming of the job analysis methods and may have to extend over long periods of time- all adding to its cost. These six methods are not meant to be viewed as mutually exclusive; no one method is universally superior. Even obtaining job information from the incumbents can create a problem, especially if these individuals describe what they think should be doing rather than what they actually do. Windy Apparels Ltd uses the individual interview method because it is an extensively interview method. When it involves in conducting the job analysis it follows the below items: 1. Understanding the purpose of conduction the job analysis: Before embarking on a job analysis, one must understand the nature and purpose of conducting the investigation. Recognize that job analyses serve a vital purpose in such HRM activities as recruiting, training, setting performance standards, evaluating performance, and compensation. In fact, nearly every activity in HRM revolves around the job analysis. 2. Understanding the role of jobs and values in the organization: Every job in the organization should have a purpose. Before conducting the analysis, one must understand the linkage that the job has to the strategic direction of the organization. In essence, one must answer why the job is needed. If an answer cannot be determined, then may be the job is not needed. 3. Benchmark positions: In a large organization, it would be impossible to evaluate every job at one time. Accordingly, by involving employees and seeking their input, selected jobs can be chosen based ob how well they represent other, similar jobs in the organization. This information then will be used as a starting point in later analysis of the other positions. 4. Determine how you want to collect the job analysis information: Proper planning at this stage permits one to collect the data desired in the most effective and efficient manner. This means developing a process for collecting the data. Several combined methods like structured questionnaires, group interviews, and technical conferences- should be used. Select the ones, however, that best meet your job analyses goals and timetables. 5. Seek clarification, wherever necessary: Some of the information collected may not be entirely understood by the job analyst. Accordingly, when this occurs, one must seek clarification from those who possess the critical information. This may include the employee and the supervisor. Failure to understand and comprehend the information will make the next step in the job analysis process- writing the job description- more difficult. 6. Develop the first draft of the job description: Although there is no specific format that all job descriptions follow, most include certain elements. Specifically, a job description contains the title, a summary sentence of the job’s main activities, the level of authority and accountability of the position, performance requirements, and working conditions. 7 Review draft with the job supervisor: Ultimately, the supervisor of the position being analyzed should approve the job description. Review comments from the supervisor can assist in determining a final job description document. When the description is an accurate reflection, the supervisor should sign off, or approve the document. 4.3- The steps of job analysis are shown in the following figure: Understanding the purpose Of the job analysis Review draft With supervisor Understanding the role of Jons in the Develop draft Benchmark position Seek clarification Determine how to collect job analysis information 5.1- Recruitment: After organizations have established their strategic direction and developed a corresponding employment plan, the organization must turn its attention to getting the right people. The jobs that have been identified and their associated skills point to very specific types of employees that are require. But these employees don’t just magically appear-nor do the frequently come knocking on the organization’s door. Instead, the company must embark on an employment process of finding and hiring qualified people. That process starts when the organization notifies the â€Å"public† that openings exist. The organization wants to get its information out such that a large number of potentially qualified applicants respond. Then, after several interactions with the most promising of these candidates will best demonstrate the skills, knowledge, and abilities to successfully perform the job. So Recruiting is the discovering of potential applicants for actual or anticipated organizational vacancies. 5.2- Constraints of Recruiting Efforts: While the ideal recruitment effort will bring in a satisfactory number of qualified applicants who will take the job if it is offered, the realities cannot be ignored. For example, the pool of qualified applicants may not include the â€Å"best† candidates; or the â€Å"best† candidate may not want to be employed by the organization. These and other constraints on recruiting efforts limit human resource recruiters’ freedom to recruit and select a candidate of their choice. However, we can narrow our focus by suggesting five specific constraints. 1. Image of the organization: We noted that the prospective candidate may not be interested in pursuing job opportunities in the particular organization. The image of the organization, therefore, should be considered a potential constraint. If that image is perceived to be low, the likelihood of attracting a large number of applicants is reduced. 2. Attractiveness of the job: If the position to be filled is an unattractive job, recruiting a large and qualified pool of applicants will be difficult. In recent years, for instance, many employers have been complaining about the difficulty of finding suitably qualified individuals for manual labor positions. In a job market where unemployment rates are low, and where a wide range of opportunities exists creating competition for these workers, a shortage results. 3. Internal organizational Policies: Internal organizational policies, such as â€Å"promote from within wherever possible,† may give priority to individuals inside the oth er than the lowest level entry positions, will be filled from within the ranks. Although this is promising once one is hired, it may reduce the number of applications. 4. Government Influence: The government’s influence in the recruiting process should not be overlooked. An employer can no longer seek out preferred individuals based  on non-job-related factors such as physical appearance, sex, or religious background. 5. Recruiting Costs: The last constraint, but certainly not lowest in priority, is one that centers on recruiting costs. Recruiting efforts by an organization are expensive. Sometimes continuing a search for long periods of time is not possible because of budget restrictions. 5.3- Recruiting Sources: Recruiting is more likely to achieve its objectives if recruiting sources reflect the type of position to be filled. Certain recruiting sources are more effective than others for filling certain types of jobs. a) The Internal Search: Windy apparels ltd will attempt to develop their own employees for positions beyond the lowest level. These can occur through an internal search of current employees, who have bid for the job, been identified through the organization’s human resource management system, or even been by a fellow employee. The advantages of such searches-a â€Å"promote from within wherever possible† policy- are: †¢ It is good public relations. †¢ It builds morale. †¢ It encourages good individual who are ambitious. †¢ It improves the probability of a good selection, since information on the individual’s performance is readily available. †¢ It is less costly than going outside to recruit. †¢ Those chosen internally already know the organization. †¢ When carefully planned, promoting from within can also act as a training device for developing middle- and top level managers. B) Employee Referrals/Recommendations: Sometimes windy apparels ltd recruits individuals who will perform effectively on the job is a recommendation from a current employee. Because employees rarely recommend someone unless they believe that the individual can perform adequately. Such a recommendation reflects on the recommender, and even someone’s reputation is at stake. Employee referrals also may have acquired more accurate information about their potential jobs. C) The external searches: Besides these windy apparels ltd is looking employees by the external searches for recruitment. These are discussed below 1. Advertisements: Windy apparels ltd gives advertisement various types of newspaper and wallpapers for employees it needs because it is large medium by which the news can reach maximum people. Besides these, windy apparels ltd sometimes recruits employees from various Schools, Colleges, and Universities, Professional Organizations, Cyberspace recruiting a unsolicited applicants. 5.4-The Selection Process: Selection activities typically follow a standard pattern, beginning with an initial screening interview and concluding with the employment decision. The selection process typically consists of eight steps: 1. Initial screening interview 2. Completing the4 application form, 3. Employment tests 4. Comprehensive interview, 5. Background investigation, 6. A conditional job offer, 7. Medical or physical examination and 8. The permanent job offer. Each step represents a decision point requiring some affirmative feedback for the process to continue. Each step in the process seeks to expand the organization’s knowledge about the applicant’s background, abilities and motivation and it increases the information from which decision makers will make their predictions and final choice. 5.5- The Selection Process in the following figure: Failed to meet minimum qualifications Passed Failed to complete application or failed job specifications Failed test impress interviewer Passed Passed Failed to impress interviewer Problems uncounted Passed Unfit to do essential Elements of job Able to perform Essential elements of job The Windy apparels ltd firstly prepare to initiate a primarily review of potentially acceptable candidates by two steps as (i) the screening of inquires and (ii) The provision of screening interviews. After completing the initiate screening applicants are asked to complete the organization’s application form. It required information about candidates present/ permanent address, candidates profile, job performance etc. When the candidate passes it, he is then given for employment test. In this point candidates are shown on intelligence, aptitude, ability and interest test  to provide major input to the selection process. After that candidates are given comprehensive interview. This interview is designed to probe areas such as assessing one’s motivation, ability to work under pressure, and ability to fit in with the organization. The next step in to undertake background investigation of the applicants who appear to offer potential as employees. This includes contacting former employers to confirm the candidates work record and to obtain their appraisal of his/her performance, other job related and personal performances, verifying educational qualification shown on application. If the candidates passes this, it is typically customary for a conditional job offer to be made. The conditional job offer implies is that if everything is okay- passing a certain medical, physical or substance abuse test. The next to last is the selection process may consist of having applicant may taka a medical/physical examination. Because a candidates has to perform a variety of activities that require a certain physical condition. Those individuals who perform successfully in the proceeding steps are now considered to be eligible to receive the employment offer. The procedures of selections process of windy apparels ltd are shown in the following- 5.6- Windy Apparels Ltd. Rajendrapur, Sreepur Gazipur.. Windy Apparels Ltd. Rajendrapur, Sreepur Gazipur. 3.7 Selection Procedures of EXIM Bank The selection process in Exim is not different from what is practiced in most organization starts with initial screening of CV’s goes on to written test and then a final interview before selecting the person. Selection decision can result in one of the four possible out comes. Two of these outcomes are right decision and two are wrong decision. | |Decision | | |Accept |Reject | |Letter of job performance |Successful |Correct decision |Reject error | | |Unsuccessful |Accept error |Correct decision | The current selection process in EXIM bank is described below: ââ€" ª Initial Screening: The process starts with initial screening choosing from the CV’s that fulfill the specific requirements. After a vacancy is announced and CV’s are already collected from different source, the Bank starts the initial screening process .then called for written test. ââ€" ª Termination: If any employee are out of the job in some cases is called termination. There are certain circumstances where-even through complaint is within jurisdiction the company can dismiss him without considering its merits. This is some time called early termination. ââ€" ª Termination Process of windy apperals Ltd.: The company any terminate the service of permanent employee by giving him/her notice in writing or salary in lieu therefore the period on under. 120 Days notice in case of subordinate staff or salary in lieu thereof. 90 Days notice for all other grades or salaries in lieu thereof. have during probation the Management may terminate the employee at any time without notice. The authority to terminate an employee of the grades from junior officer to Executive Vice President Lies with the Managing Director while that of Senior Executive Vice President and above can only be exercised by the Board of Directors. ââ€" ª Dismissal: An employee will be dismissed from the company service if he or she is guilty of misconduct or whatsoever according to the report of the enquiry committee the concerned dismissed employee will get only the own contribution of his/her provident fund. ââ€" ª Discharge on medical Ground: If an employee is incapable to continue his/her service for continues ill health mental abnormality and disorder, then the management discharge him/her from service on medical ground. He/She may be paid a ex-gratuity with other benefit with the approval of the Managing Director. 6.1 – Training and Development : Training is a learning experience in that it seeks a relatively permanent change in an individual that will improve the ability to perform on the job. We typically say training can involve the changing of skills, knowledge, attitudes, or behavior. It may mean changing what employees know, how they work, their attitudes to ward their work, or their interaction with their coworkers or supervisor. For our purposes, we will differentiate between employee training and employee development for one particular reason. Although both are similar in the methods used to affect learning, their time frames differ. Training is more present day oriented; its focus is on individual’s current jobs, enhancing those specific skills and abilities to immediately perform their jobs. 6.2- The training needs are shown in the following figure: 6.3- Training Approaches: The most widely used training methods take place on the job. The popularity of these methods can be attributed to their simplicity and the impression that they are less costly to operate. On the job training: Places the employees in actual work situations and makes them appear to be immediately productive. It is learning by doing, for jobs that either are difficult to simulate or can be learned quickly by watching and doing, on-the-job training makes sense. Off the Job Training: Off the job training covers a number of techniques classroom lectures, films, demonstrations, case studies and other simulation exercises, and programmed instruction. The facilities needed for each technique vary from a small, makeshift classroom to an elaborate development center with large lecture halls, supplemented by small conference rooms with sophisticated instruction technology equipment. 6.4- Career Development: 1. The responsibility for managing a career belongs to the individual. The organization’s role is to provide assistance and information to the employee, but is not responsible for growing an employee’s career. 2. A career is a sequence of positions occupied by a person during a course of a lifetime. 3. Career development from an organizational standpoint involves tracking career paths and developing career ladders. From an individual perspective, career development focuses on assisting individuals in identifying their major career goals and to determining what they need to do to achieve these goals. 4. The main distinction between career development and employee development lies in their time frames. Career development focuses on the long-range career effectiveness and success of organisational  personnel. Employee development focuses on more of the immediate and intermediate time frames 5. Career development is valuable to an organization t; because it (1) ensures needed talent will be avail- able; (2) improves the organization’s ability Jo attract and retain high-talent employees; (3) ensures that minorities and women get opportunities for growth and development; (4) reduces employee frustration; (5) enhances cultural diversity; (6) assists in implementing quality; and (7) promotes organization: goodwill. 6. The five stages in a career are exploration, establishment, mid-career, late-career, and decline. 7. The Holland Vocational Preferences are realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional. 8. Typology focuses on personality dimensions including extroversion-introversion; sensing-intuition; thinking-feeling: and judgirig- perceiving These four â€Å"pairs† can be combined into i(i different combination profiles. With this information, personality of jobs can be matched to personality of individuals. Some suggestions for managing your career include; U.) Select your first job judiciously; (2) do good work; (3) present the right image; (4) learn the power structure; (5) gain control of organizational resources; (6) stay visible; (7) don’t stay too long in your first job; (8) find a mentor; (9) support your boss; OO) stay mobile; (11) think laterally; (12) think of your career in terms of skills you’re acquiring and continue upgradiiu and 03) work harder than ever a developing a network. 3.9 Management Development of windy apperals ltd a. On the Job Development: †¢ Coaching. †¢ Under Study. b. Off the Job Development: †¢ Committee Assignment. †¢ Job Rotation. †¢ Sensitivity Training. †¢ Transactional Analysis. †¢ Training within the company. †¢ Training outside the company. †¢ Lecture Courses. †¢ Simulation Exercise. c. Workers Development: †¢ Coaching. †¢ Under Study. †¢ Committee Assignment. 3.10 Motivation Function of HRD of windy apperals Ltd. Motivation is the willingness to do something and is conditioned by their actions ability to satisfy same need for the individual windy apperals Ltd. Motivation process of windy apperals Ltd. †¢ Unsatisfied Need †¢ Tension †¢ Dives †¢ Search Behavior †¢ Goat Achievement †¢ Need Satisfaction †¢ Of Tension †¢ Job Design. †¢ Performance Evaluation †¢ Rewards †¢ Job Evaluation †¢ Compensation / Benefit †¢ Discipline 7.1-Performance Appraisals: Performance evolutions are an integral part of most organizations. Properly developed and implemented, the performance appraisal process can help an organization achieve its goals by developing productive employees. Although there are many types of performance evalution systems, each with its own advantages and disadvantages, we must be aware of the legal implications that arise. EEO laws require organizations to have HRM practices that are bias free. For HRM, this means that performance evalutions must be objective and job related. That is, they must be reliable and valid! Furthermore, under the Americans with Disabilities Act, performance appraisals must also be able to measure reasonable performance success. To assist in these matters, two factors arise: (i) The performance appraisal must be conducted according to some established intervals; and (ii) appraisers must be trained in the process. 7.2- The Appraisal Process is shown in the following figure: 8.1-Compensasion: 1. Rewards are the final link in the motivation model. After the effort has been expended, successful performance happens, and organizational goals are achieved, individuals are now ready to have their particular goals met. These goals, or rewards, can come in a variety of types. 2. Rewards can be classified as (1) intrinsic or extrinsic, (2) financial or non financial, or (3) performance-based or membership-based. 3. Some rewards are membership-based because one receives them for simply belonging to the organization. Employee benefits are an example of membership-based rewards, in that -every employee gels them irrespective of performance levels. 4. Compensation administration seeks to design a cost-effective pay structure that will not only attract, motivate, and retain competent employees, but also be perceived as fair by these employees. 5. Job evaluation systematically determines the value of each job in relation to all jobs within the organization. The four basic approaches to job evaluations are: (1) the ordering method, (2) the classification method, (3) the factor comparison method, and (4) the point method. 6. The final wage structure evokes from job evaluation input, wage survey data, and the creation of wage grades. 7.Competency-based compensation views employees as a competitive advantage; †¢! the organization. Compensation systems are established in terms of the knowledge and skills employees possess, and the behaviors that they demonstrate. Possession of these three factors is evaluated and compensated according to a broad-banded salary range established by the organization. 8. Executive compensation is higher than that of rank-and-file personnel and also includes other financial and non financial benefits not otherwise available to operative employees. This is done to attract, retain, and motivate executives to higher performance levels. 9. The balance sheet approach to international compensation -takes into account base pay, differentials, incentives, and assistance programs. Most of the types of employee rewords Garments Companies pay system do not follow the Human resources practice. The is no actual pay scale at level. The Windy apparels limited pay workers at Tk. 1650. The other employees are paid its manual system or contractual basis. Sometimes the worker is paid on production basis. The more the production the more compensation is paid. 8.3- Services and benefits: When an organization is designing its overall compensation program, one of the critical areas of concern is what benefits should be provided. Today’s workers expect more than just an hourly wage or a salary from their employer they want additional considerations that will enrich their lives. These considerations in an employment setting are call called employee benefits. Windy Apparels give some opportunities to the employees. There is PF social security, can unemployment compensation if gives only- i) Health insurance ii) Disability benefit iii) Bonus it gives twice yearly bonus to celebrate festival. This are discussed bellow: . [pic] Disability benefit: Programs are designed to ensure income replacement for employees in the event of a temporary or permanent disability arising from an injury or extended illness (typically originating off the job). iii) Bonus: It gives twice yearly bonus to celebrate festival. iv) Profit sharing bonus: Windy Apparels gives sometimes employees profit sharing bonus. When it earns a certain amount of profit it gives there a certain portion of profit which encourages employees to work more effectively. 8.4- Safety and health program: †¢ Involve management and employees in the development of a safety and health plan. If neither group can see the usefulness, and the benefit at /such a plan, even the best plan will fail. †¢ Hold someone accountable for implementing the plan. Plans do not work by themselves. They need someone to champion the cause. This person must be given the resources to put the plan in place, but also must be Aicld accountable for what it’s intended to accomplish. †¢ Determine the Safety and Health Requirements for Your Work Site. Just as each individual is different, so, too, is each workplace. Understanding the specific needs of the facility will aid in determining what safety and requirement will be necessary. †¢ Assess what workplace hazards exist in the facility. Identify the potent! a. health and safety problems that may exist on the job. By understanding what exists, preventive measures can be determined. †¢ Correct hazards that exist. If certain hazards were identified in the investigation in the assessment, fix or eliminate them. This may mean decreasing the effect of the hazard, or controlling it through other means (protective clothing). †¢ Train employees in safety end health techniques. Make safety and health training mandatory for all employees. Employees should be instructed how to do their jobs in the safest manner, and understand that any pro ‘tective eqir merit provided must be used. †¢ Develop the mind-set in employees that the organization is to be kept has and free. Often employees are the first to witness problems. Establish i means for them to report their findings, including having emergency pr3 educes in place, if necessary. Ensuring that preventive maintenance a impend follows a recommended schedule can also prevent the breakdowns from becoming a hazard. †¢ Continuously update and refine the safety and health program. Once the program has b een implemented, it must continuously be evaluated, am necessary changes must be made. Documenting the progress of the pro gram is necessary for use in this analysis. 9.1- Disciplinary action: The term discipline refers to a condition in the organization where employers conduct themselves in accordance with the organizations rules and standards of acceptable behavior. For the most part employees discipline themselves by conforming to what is considered proper behavior because they believe it is the reasonable thing to do. Once they are made aware of what is expected of them, and assuming they find these standards or rules to be reasonable, the seek to meet those expectations. 9.2- Factors to consider when discipline: †¢ Seriousness of problem †¢ Duration of the problem †¢ Frequents and nature of the problem †¢ Extenuating factors †¢ Degree of socialization †¢ History of the organizations discipline practices †¢ Management Backing 9.3- Function of Disciplinary Actions: Written verbal Warning: The mildest form of discipline is the written verbal warning. Yes, the term is correct. A written verbal warning is a temporary record of a reprimand that is then placed in the manager’s file on the employee. This written verbal warning should state the purpose, date, and outcome of the interview with the employee. Written Warning: The second step in the progressive discipline process is the written warning. In effect, it is the first formal stage of the disciplinary procedure. This is because the written warning becomes part of the employee’s official personnel file. This is achieved by not only giving the warning to the employee but sending a copy to HRM to be inserted in the employees permanent record. Suspension: A suspension or layoff would be the next disciplinary step, usually taken only if the prior steps have been implemented without the desired outcome. Exceptions-where suspension is given without any prior verbal or written warning occasionally occur if the infraction is of a serious nature. A suspension may be for one day or several weeks; disciplinary layoffs in excess of a month are rare. Employee welfare and benefit policy: ââ€" ¡ Gratuity: All regular employees who have experience of at least 7 Years are entitled to gratuity. As per service rules, an eligible employee gets a gratuity an amount equal to his/her two month’s basic pay for each year service ââ€" ¡ Provident fund: Each member contributes to the provident fund a sum equal to 10% of the basic salary payable to him / her per month and such percentage is deducted by the company from the salary of employee at the time of payment there of. The company contributes to the fund a monthly sum equal to 10% of the basic pay of each employee. ââ€" ¡ Group Insurance Policy: windy apperals Ltd. Have a fund named Employees Social Security Superannuation Fund that provides insurance to the employee on his/her family in case of death, disability or disease. Besides, there is another group insurance type arrangement her to take care of the employees house building investment. There is another fund called Employees House Building Investment Safety Scheme. ââ€" ¡ Other Benefits: As per the service rules an employee after fulfilling same criteria can enjoy car facilities from the company Car taking investment facilities from the bank whereas top SOWT Analysis of Human Resource Division of windy apparels Limited 5.1 Strengths Open HR Manual Empowered Work Force: Information Technology: Employee Evaluation: 5.2 Weaknesses Job Description HR Accounting Compensation and Benefits 6.3 Opportunities Management Information System. Human Resources Information System: Research and Development: Salary Survey Training andDevelopmen 5.4 Threats Comp and etitive Salary Turnover and Comp Turnover and etitive Salary Turnover and etitive Salary Turnover: New/Multinational Companies/ My Position & Duties I was assigned for my doing Internship in windy apperals ltd limited for the period of 120 days starting from 1STOCT, 2010 to 31st JAN, 2011,Rajendrapur Branch. In internship period I had no specific place. So I had no fixed duties in the organization. I worked under a Manager of Rajendrapur branch and I observed his different types of activities. The working environment place of windy apperals Limited is very much friendly. Every personnel of the HR Division was very much busy but they always tried to help me from their experience. In this organization there are three HRD functions. Those are Acquisition function of HDR, Motivation Function of HRD, Maintenance function of HRD. Human Resource Planning is the process by which an organization ensures that it has the right number and kinds of people, at right place, at right time capable of effectively and efficiently completing those tasks that will help the organization achieve its overall objectives. Windy apperals ltd. works for the development of its executives or potential executives in order to enable them to be more effective in performing the various functions of activities. Findings of the Study †¢ The HRD system of windy apperals Ltd is not skilled enough and does not follow latest technology. †¢ In HR Division, there is the huge lack of development activity. The employee joining windy apperals should be taken under a cordial orientation program which is absent. †¢ Proper training is very important issue for the employees of Financials organization. In windy apperals proper training need requirement is not justified rather done by the employee’s personal interest. †¢ Employee’s code of conduct or service manual is governed solely by the service quality unit. But there should be a coordination of HRD to measure the perfect evaluation of the employees’ performance. 10.1 Recommendation: From the above discussion we can recommend the following things †¢ Establishment and Enforcement of Garment Policy. †¢ Govt. should ease its regulation towards RMG sector. †¢ Fiscal financial incentives such as decrease in bank interest rate. †¢ Tax rate should be reduced in this sector. †¢ Derestriction Of foreign remittance flows that financed this sector. 10.2 Conclusion: HRM is the assenical for the RMG sector. It’s the following for hole industry. Administration is one of the important departments in the company to implement the policies, rules and regulation It’s the controlling for RMG sector. Reference: 1. www.hrm sector.com 2. Data collect from RMG financial statement. 3. Daily Star 4. Financial Express 5. New Age Business Questionnaires for Customers Instruction (Request to respondents) âž ¢ Please supply the truth information âž ¢ Please try to answer all the question âž ¢ Please tick the create answar 1. Do you think that WINDY APPARELS LIMITED is the largest garments manufacturer in Bangladesh? †¢ Yes †¢ No 2. Do you think that the reputation of windy apparels ltd is good in the world market? †¢ Yes †¢ No 3. Do you think that windy apparels ltd is more reliable than others in Bangladesh? †¢ Yes †¢ No 4. Do you think that the top management of windy apparels ltd is very sincere for any recovery of service? †¢ Yes †¢ No 5. Are you pleased with their management? †¢ yes †¢ No 6. Are you pleased with their working procedures? †¢ Yes †¢ No 7. Are you pleased with their hospitability? †¢ Yes †¢ No 8. Are you pleased with their sample development proceedings? †¢ Yes †¢ No 9. Are they offering you any design, which is developed in their own research center? †¢ Yes †¢ No 10. Are you interested to their design offered? †¢ Yes †¢ No 11. Are you satisfied with their product quality? †¢ Yes †¢ No 12. Do you think that their production capacity is sufficient? †¢ Yes †¢ No 13. Are you satisfied with their Compliance department? †¢ Yes †¢ No 14. Do you think that factory-working environment is international standard? †¢ Yes †¢ No 15. Is their technology updated? †¢ Yes †¢ No 16. Are you happy with the existing training programs of windy apparels ltd? †¢ Yes †¢ No 17.Do you enjoy working in this section? †¢ Yes †¢ No 18.In which area of operation of windy apparels ltd. you are responsible for? †¢ Production †¢ Quality Assurance †¢ HR/Admin 19. What do you think what could be done to minimize these problems? †¢ Training †¢ Motivation †¢ Monitoring 20.Do you think training can help you to improve your performance? †¢ Yes †¢ No [pic] ———————– Manger commercial Trainee Junior Executive Executive Assistant Manager Manager Manger Accounts Executive Commercial Commercial Manager Executive Marketing Assistant Manager Marketing Manager Maintenance Personnel Production Personnel Production Manager Finance Director Operative Director Managing Directors Carrier opportunity A leading Garment invites application from committed, bright, energetic candidates for the following positions. Name of Post: (1) Production Manager Candidates Eligibility: 6 to 10 years experience in a reputed garment factory in production, Highly experience, highly professional, possessing good health and prepare to work under pressure should only apply for the post. Good communication in English and good computer knowledge. (2). Quality Assurance Manager/ Sample Manager: Sample Manager will have to ensure all samples are related to job. Technical knowledge regarding Pattern and sewing operation. Application with cv, 2 recent passport size photographs and photocopies of all experience certificates is to be sent to the following address on of before April 30, 2008. Abobi Fashion Ltd. Road-30, Hemayetpur, Dhaka Reject Applicant Permanent job offer Medical, physical examination, if required conditional job offer Background information required Initial screening Complete application Employment test Comprehensive interview Conditional job offer Chairman Establish performance standard with employees Mutually set reasonable goals Measure actual performance Measure actual performance Compare actual performance with standard Discuss the appraisal with employee If necessary, initiate corrective action